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Nightmarish Crocodile Relative Terrorized Dinosaurs in Prehistoric Madagascar. Roughly 1. 65 million years ago during the mid- Jurassic, Madagascar is an alien place.
The famously large island has yet to fully cleave itself tectonically from India and Africa, still crammed together with the rest of the southern supercontinent of Gondwana. Primates have yet to evolve, and flowers aren’t even a thing yet. This Madagascar is instead alive with a spectacular diversity of dinosaurs and reptiles, racing along the dirt and soaring above the forests. But everything that slinks, bounds, and lumbers across this sun- baked, proto- Madagascan theater is united in unshakeable wariness over the region’s most feared apex predator: Razanandrongobe sakalavae, an enormous, land- striding relative of crocodiles with a nightmare where its face ought to go. The fragmented fossilized remains of the horror- croc (nicknamed ‘Razana’, as in ‘Razana, Eater of Worlds’) have been described in a new paper in the journal Peer. J by a team of Italian and French paleontologists.
The species was first documented in the literature more than a decade ago, but due to limitations of the fossils, its specific classification was unknown. Up until now, it wasn’t clear if Razana was a massive, meat- eating theropod dinosaur, or some other kind of reptile. New fossils of the jaws and teeth, collected from the same region of northwestern Madagascar where the first fossils were found, reveal that Razanandrongobe sakalavae—the “giant lizard ancestor from Sakalava region”—was actually a relative of today’s crocodiles and alligators. Considering Razana had a grill so full of flesh- rending terror it’d make a T. Rex blush, it’s perhaps a little surprising the mean mug presented by the fossils didn’t belong to a predatory dinosaur. But Razana comes from a time when the crocodile family line was crowded, and full of creatures that weren’t content to wait poolside for the delivery of their prey. Razana was a ‘notosuchian’, a group of crocodilians that differed from their close, still- living cousins in a few very important ways.
The fragmented fossilized remains of the horror-croc (nicknamed ‘Razana’, as in ‘Razana, Eater of Worlds’) have been described in a new paper in the journal. Job Interview Practice Test Why Do You Want This Job? Answer this job interview question to determine if you are prepared for a successful job interview.
For one, Razana and other notosuchians were specialized for terrestrial life. Their legs were positioned straight and erect under their bodies, allowing them to gallop and sprint after prey in a decidedly athletic, uncrocodile- like manner. Notosuchians like Razana also had elevated skulls, making them look more Velociraptor and less pancake- headed swamp monster. Notosuchians were fierce predators that ranged all over Gondwana during the last half of the Mesozoic Era, but the new findings demonstrate that none of these souped- up crocs were quite as formidable as the monster from Madagascar. Razanandrongobe was huge, perhaps larger than any other known notosuchian. While it is hard to determine the exact size of an animal based on incomplete remains, the recovered portions of Razana’s head paint a picture of a carnivore that must have been a horrifying addition to ancient Madagascar’s fauna, an assemblage that included top predators like lithe, knotty- headed abelisaurs and razor- toothed ceratosaurs the size of pickup trucks. Razanandrongobe had a head as big as a washing machine, which evolution had outfitted with a battery of serrated, banana- sized teeth.
Hurricane Harvey smashed into the Texas Gulf Coast on Friday night and Saturday morning after being elevated to Category 4 status, wiping out buildings with 130 miles. Sabrina: The Animated Series is an American animated television series based on the Archie Comics character Sabrina the Teenage Witch. It was produced by Savage. MSN Health and Fitness has fitness, nutrition and medical information for men and women that will help you get active, eat right and improve your overall wellbeing.
These chompers were resilient and rugged enough, the researchers contend, that ol’ Razana might have been able to pulverize and gobble down bone and tendon along with its prey’s fleshy bits. This fearsome machinery, once attached to the standard, track- and- field star chassis of a notosuchian, likely made Razana the biggest and baddest predator of its ecosystem.“‘Razana’ could outcompete even theropod dinosaurs, at the top of the food chain”, said Cristiano Dal Sasso, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum of Milan and first author on the new paper, in a press release. A non- dinosaur hunting and eating dinosaurs doesn’t fit well into the traditional idea that dinos reigned over the entirety of Earth’s terrestrial ecology for 1. But, as science is rapidly finding out, the reality of the relationships between animal groups during this time period was a bit more complicated than one- party rule. While dinosaurs were especially prominent and diverse in the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods, there was still plenty of mobility within the food web for the second string players.
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Razanandrongobe is a single, jarring example of the rejection of a dinosaurian regime, one that has company in scores of other ancient crocodilians and kin that gave dinos a run for their money. Sebecosuchians (close relatives of notosuchians) like Baurusuchuspreyed upon smaller dinos in the late Cretaceous of Brazil, patrolling the landscape like armored dire wolves. These terrestrial crocodilian cousins did so well for themselves that some survived in South America millions of years after the extinction of the dinosaurs.
The “Super. Croc” of Africa, Sarcosuchus, was the size of a school bus and killed and ate dinosaurs. Even mammals, the supposed underdogs of the Mesozoic, occasionally had their day in the sun: Repenomamus, something of a 1.
Beelzebufo, the largest known frog species ever, lived in Madagascar some time after Razana did; it was as big as a beachball, carnivorous, and almost certainly ate baby dinosaurs. Razana” fits perfectly into an emerging view of the Age of Dinosaurs where the food chain wasn’t so one- sided. Jake Buehler is a science writer based in the Seattle area with a fanatical obsession with biology’s weirdest and under- acknowledged stories.
Hurricane Harvey Floods, Thrashes Southeast Texas After Making Landfall [Updating]Hurricane Harvey smashed into the Texas Gulf Coast on Friday night and Saturday morning after being elevated to Category 4 status, wiping out buildings with 1. At least one person died in Rockport, Texas during the storm when their house caught fire, according to a county officials interviewed by CNN. According to the Associated Press, emergency crews teams were not able to deploy throughout the region due to high winds and whiteout conditions on roads, so the tally may change. According to ABC News, the Category 4 status was fortunately short- lived.
After making landfall at around 1. Harvey was downgraded to a Category 3 storm by three hours later and a Category 2 by four hours later. By morning, it was downgraded to a Category 1. NOAA’s National Hurricane Center warned Harvey could remain at tropical storm conditions as long as Wednesday, while the Houston branch of the National Weather Service noted all of southeast Texas remains under flash flood warning until Tuesday evening.
The city of Victoria took as much as 1. New York Times, while totals of 4. Massive damage was reported throughout areas of Texas near landfall, including Corpus Christi and Rockport- Fulton. According to the Corpus Christi Caller Times, Coast Guard vessels responded to distress calls in the area while “many homes and businesses have been destroyed and some residents had to be rescued by emergency crews, who are still trying to reach some areas of these communities.” “We know there is widespread devastation,” Rockport Mayor CJ Wax told the Weather Channel. I think it’s safe to say we took a Cat. Some 2. 50,0. 00- plus people in the area remain without electricity due to storm damage, per the New York Times.
President Donald Trump declared a state of emergency, committing federal authorities to respond. This is a breaking news story and may be updated as more information becomes available. Update August 2. 6th, 3: 4. One person was confirmed dead in Rockport, Texas as a result of the hurricane.